Many studies have reproduced these findings on the importance of non-cognitive skills in outcomes for young people (Farrington et al., 2012; Gutman & Schoon, 2013; Heckman & Kautz, 2012). The Big Five OCEAN noncognitive skills comprise Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and (absence of) Neuroticism, and these significantly influence behaviour and social interaction. Building non-cognitive skills significantly impacts educational and labour market outcomes, particularly in students at high risk of dropping out of the school system entirely (Kautz et al., 2014). The evidence from the Kautz and others study finds that stronger non-cognitive skills act as a protective factor against mental illness as it reduces anxiety and stress and increases resilience and self-esteem.